Non-Marfoo Attached Pronouns

We've seen مرفوع attached pronouns which appear in verbs as their فاعل. In this lesson we will tackle the منصوب and مجرور attached pronouns.

There isn't much here other than to memorise these. Listed above are the 14 attached pronouns that are used whenever the attached pronoun is in the state of نصب or جرّ. An example of them being in نصب would be when the pronouns are مفعول به for a فعل. For جرّ, they could be مضاف إليه or they could be following a preposition.

For the 1st person singular pronoun, the letter ي necessitates there being a Kasrah before it, and will therefore change the vowel of the letter coming before it if required.

The only other issue of note is that the pronouns that begin with a ه letter, can sometimes have a Kasrah instead of a Dammah. You have seen this before as well. All the relevant cases are listed below:

Bonus Details

The information here is not part of the core issues that will give you the most benefit, but we include it here anyway for completeness.

Let's take a look at the following scenario. We are standing in front of Allah, in His presence. The most appropriate beginning, is to begin by praising Him. And, as befits Royalty, we address Him in the third person when praising Him and listing His titles and honours. This is to create distance, between us, the creation, the lowly, and Him, the King of Kings, The Most High; for respect, and veneration.

Now, we wish to affirm that we worship Him, and seek His aid. We have also praised Him in the third person, and we now seek to establish some closeness, so we switch to the 2nd person and address the King directly.

Notice the translation. There is no exclusivity, no urgency, no emphasis. And that is because we chose the most standard way of saying this, which is the فعل فاعل مفعل به order.

We know from previous modules, that we could create this emphasis on the object of the worship and asking, by bringing the مفعول به forward, which in this case is the word Allah.

But while we have the urgency, emphasis, and exclusivity by bringing the word Allah first, we now have the issue that we have lost that intimate connection which is the second person; directly addressing the one we are speaking to. And that's because there is no unattached version for the Non-Marfoo Pronouns. The مرفوع pronouns have stand-alone, unattached versions (think of هو and هي for him and her respectively). And so we are stuck...

Enter إِيَّا. This is a word whose purpose is to allow non-marfoo attached pronouns to attach to them as suffixes. And it is the perfect solution for our predicament. We want to use the second person pronouns and address Allah directly, while emphasising that it is He alone we worship and ask for help.