Chapter 1.6

We have a موصوف صفة phrase here with بَارِدَةٌ describing the نَارٌ

But why is it بَارِدَةٌ here instead of بَارِدٌ? The word نَارٌ is not a woman's name, nor does it have a Taa Marbootah at the end which would make it feminine, and so it seems that we have a mismatch in gender between the موصوف and its صفة.

The answer is that there are some words in the Arabic language which are feminine, simply because the Arabs said so. These words are called مُؤَنَّث سَمَاعِيّ, which can be translated as 'Feminine based on hearing'. Unlike the word Zaynab which is a woman's name, and so inherently feminine, or the word , which has a Taa Marbootah making it feminine, the word has no markers of feminity, nor is it inherently feminine. The only way we know it, and other words like it, is feminine is by coming across some authority in the language, who uses it as a feminine word. By authority we mean someone who we trust understands the language well along with its grammatical rules, whose likelyhood of making a mistake is low. For example, the Quran, or a book from a reputable author and publisher, or the dictionary.

Notice here that is the مفعول به coming first. It means, 'what'.

Notice how the مضاف مضاف إليه can be translated in English as "Ibraheem's punishment", or "punishment of Ibraheem". In this case, the first way flows much better in English with the second sounding awkward. This is again, a case of translating in a manner that flows in the language you are translating to, rather than going word by word, or in this case following the order of each word.

The word means recompense. It is a neutral word. It can be either positive or negative. In this case, the people use it negatively. You may also be familiar with the phrase, ((May allah recompense (reward) you with good)). There we use it in a positive manner.

Notice the word is an أمر conjugation #9 verb, as is . If you recall from the last lesson, Qasas 1.5, Form 2 is فَعَّلَ - يُفَعِّلُ. The مضارع conjugation #9 would be تُفَعِّلُوْنَ. Then to form the أمر we make the verb مجزوم which gives تُفَعِّلُوْا, and we remove the sign of مضارع at the beginning which gives us فَعِّلُوْا which rhymes perfectly with .

and are both Form 4 conjugation number 3 verbs. You will notice that rhymes with أَفْعَلُوْا but does not. As discussed before, there are multiple reasons why verbs from the same Form and conjugation number don't rhyme. In Form 1, middle letter variations were one of those reasons, and we covered all 6 possible middle letter variations. We have also mentioned the presence of either a واو or a ياء as one of the root letters. Both of these letters are considered to be weak letters and are sometimes dropped for pronunciation issues. This is the case with where the root letters are ل ق ي. The Form 4 conjugation number 3 should have been أَلْقَيُوْا which rhymes with أَفْعَلُوْا, but for a reason that will be taught later, the ياء was dropped and it became .

Most of the time, the word كان has the effect of taking the جملة إسمية into the past. We would generally translate as "the fire was cold." But كان can also be used in the meaning of - "to be, to become." And this is the meaning that is intended here.